Articles
Here you will find a wide range of birding related articles from various organisations, conservation bodies as well as individual accounts of rare bird finds and other interesting articles.
 
 
 
 
new  Artificial light at night disrupts migratory behaviour in sparrows   (Research)
Captive trials show even dim night lighting can change nocturnal activity and migratory restlessness in migrant sparrows, while House Sparrows are far less affected. More here >
Written by:  (29 Jan 2026)
 
 
new  Finders in the Field: Killdeer, Ripley, Hampshire   (Finders account)
With the only previous record for the county being in 1980 Kevin May was more than a little surprised when he found the county's second on a wet day at Ripley Farm Reservoir. More here >
Written by:  (29 Jan 2026)
 
 
new  Gamekeeper fined in England's first Hen Harrier persecution case   (Wildlife crime)
A landmark conviction has exposed coordinated attempts to kill protected Hen Harriers on a Yorkshire grouse moor and intensified calls for tighter regulation of gamebird shooting. More here >
Written by:  (29 Jan 2026)
 
 
new  Poison strikes again as seven vultures are found dead in Bulgaria   (Wildlife crime)
The deaths of six Cinereous Vultures and one Griffon Vulture underline the continued threat of illegal poisoning to Europe's rarest scavengers. More here >
Written by:  (29 Jan 2026)
 
 
new  Cities provide key resources for migratory birds   (Research)
Research from the Neotropics shows urban areas can provide vital refuges for migrating birds in landscapes otherwise dominated by intensive human activity. More here >
Written by:  (29 Jan 2026)
 
 
new  New study maps bird flu risk across Denmark week by week   (Research)
A detailed spatiotemporal study shows how migration, water habitats and carcasses shape the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza. More here >
Written by:  (29 Jan 2026)
 
 
new  Scientists unveil the most complete interactive bird family tree ever created   (News)
A new global 'Tree of Life' maps how all living birds are related, revealing fresh insights into evolution, diversity and deep avian history. More here >
Written by:  (29 Jan 2026)
 
 
Weekly birding round up 16 - 22 Jan 2026   (Weekly Roundup)
Jon Dunn brings looks back on the best birds from around Britain, Ireland and the Western Palearctic. More here >
Written by:  (23 Jan 2026)
 
 
Little Egret population considerably higher than previously thought   (Research)
Research by the BTO, published in the journal British Birds, sheds new light on both the numbers, and geographical spread of this small and elegant all-white heron. More here >
Written by:  (23 Jan 2026)
 
 
Six Hen Harriers 'vanish' on or near grouse moors in 2025 and another is poisoned   (Wildlife crime)
RSPB says seven birds are suspected or confirmed illegally killed in England in a single year, renewing urgent calls for licensing of all gamebird shooting. More here >
Written by:  (23 Jan 2026)
 
 
Finland's Great Grey Owl population increasing as they show signs of adapting to climate change   (Research)
An increase in occupied nests suggests the species is coping better than many other nocturnal birds of prey. More here >
Written by:  (23 Jan 2026)
 
 
White-naped Cranes use two clearly separate migration routes across east Asia   (Research)
Satellite tracking shows eastern and western breeding populations follow different flyways, use different stopover sites and rarely mix. More here >
Written by:  (22 Jan 2026)
 
 
No evidence that 'black-eye' symptom affects Gannets after bird flu   (Research)
A detailed post-outbreak study finds no impact of the black-eye symptom on foraging behaviour, nest attendance or breeding output . More here >
Written by:  (22 Jan 2026)
 
 
Huge gaps in Asia's bird ringing are undermining conservation   (Research)
Despite strong schemes in some countries, large blind spots leave migration and population declines poorly monitored. More here >
Written by:  (21 Jan 2026)
 
 
Emergency Appeal Launched After Storm Goretti Hits Isles of Scilly Wildlife Sites   (News)
Isles of Scilly Wildlife Trust says urgent funding is needed to repair habitat damage, prevent erosion and restore access to trails and reserves. More here >
Written by:  (21 Jan 2026)
 
 
Weekly birding round up 9 - 15 Jan 2026   (Weekly Roundup)
Jon Dunn brings looks back on the best birds from around Britain, Ireland and the Western Palearctic. More here >
Written by:  (16 Jan 2026)
 
 
Review of the Year 2025: Part 2   (Annual Rarity Review)
We look back at the standout rarity records and notable species recorded in Britain and Ireland in the second half of 2025 and reveal the end of year total. More here >
Written by:  (16 Jan 2026)
 
 
Black-faced Spoonbill population passes 7,000   (Conservation News)
International census shows the endangered East Asian waterbird has continued its long recovery, but annual growth has slowed sharply. More here >
Written by:  (16 Jan 2026)
 
 
RSPB withdraws from X over safeguarding concerns   (News)
The RSPB has closed its account on X, citing safeguarding concerns following reports that the platform's AI tools have been used to create non-consensual and inappropriate images of people.More here >
Written by:  (16 Jan 2026)
 
 
Pollution leaves its mark deep inside seabirds' cells   (Research)
New research shows that long-term exposure to environmental pollutants alters how seabird cells produce energy, with potential consequences for survival and breeding. More here >
Written by:  (16 Jan 2026)
 
 
Cold weather delays dawn singing in wetland warblers   (Research)
New acoustic research shows that temperature, wind and rain strongly shape when three species of warblers begin their dawn chorus. More here >
Written by:  (16 Jan 2026)
 
 
20-year-old Bewick's Swan reaches Slimbridge for the first time   (News)
A colour-ringed female first recorded on the Arctic tundra has reached WWT Slimbridge for the first time. More here >
Written by:  (15 Jan 2026)
 
 
Critically Endangered Sulu Hornbill rescued 600km from known range   (News)
A Sula Hornbill has been found exhausted off the coast of Cagayan de Oro, over 600km from its known range on Tawi Tawi. More here >
Written by:  (15 Jan 2026)
 
 
Wildlife Trust loses conservation role at Grafham Water Nature Reserve   (News)
Anglian Water has announced it will take over sole management of the nature reserve, a step the Wildlife Trust has said it is deeply disappointed by. More here >
Written by:  (15 Jan 2026)
 
 
Gamekeeper given fine for beating Buzzard to death   (Wildlife crime)
Shocking covert filmed footage helped secure a guilty plea from Thomas Munday but conservationists say sentence will not deter future crimes. More here >
Written by:  (14 Jan 2026)
 
 
Weekly birding round up 24 Dec 2025 - 8 Jan 2026   (Weekly Roundup)
Jon Dunn brings you his first roundup of 2026 and its a bumper edition looking back at the festive fortnight as we saw out 2025 and welcomed in a new year. More here >
Written by:  (09 Jan 2026)
 
 
Review of the Year 2025: Part 1   (Annual Rarity Review)
We look back at the standout rarity records and notable species recorded in Britain and Ireland in early 2025. More here >
Written by:  (09 Jan 2026)
 
 
Songbird breeding outcomes improve sharply between 2024 and 2025   (Conservation News)
Warm, settled weather helped many familiar species raise more young, offering a rare piece of good news after a disastrous summer in 2024. More here >
Written by:  (09 Jan 2026)
 
 
Yellow-legged Gulls are moving closer to people as fear and disturbance decline   (Research)
Long-term research from north-west Spain shows Yellow-legged Gulls abandoning traditional refuges and triggering the formation of multi-species waterbird colonies in more accessible coastal sites. More here >
Written by:  (08 Jan 2026)
 
 
Asian Koels do not copy their hosts' eggs - but may be shadowing the wrong species   (Research)
Objective analysis across Asia finds no evidence that koels match their eggs to those of the birds they parasitise most often. challenging long-held assumptions about the brood parasite. More here >
Written by:  (08 Jan 2026)
 
 
Rock Pipits to be tracked in new Scottish migration study   (Research)
New Motus tags and receivers in Fife aim to reveal how coastal birds move through the year. More here >
Written by:  (08 Jan 2026)
 
 
WWT Caerlaverock closed until spring as major changes continue   (News)
The closure comes as the team at Caerlaverock is restructured with the focus moving away from staffing the shop and cafe, towards a smaller team dedicated to developing the reserve itself. More here >
Written by:  (08 Jan 2026)
 
 
Why some migratory birds fly higher over deserts and lower over seas   (Research)
New tracking research reveals that small migratory birds use strikingly different flight strategies over the Sahara and major seas. More here >
Written by:  (08 Jan 2026)
 
 
Proposal to reintroduce Dalmatian Pelicans to the Netherlands   (News)
The website Ornithomedia is reporting that conservation groups have outlined plans based on historic evidence of the species presence in Netherlands. More here >
Written by:  (08 Jan 2026)
 
 
Weekly birding round-up: 19 - 23 Dec   (Weekly Roundup)
Jon Dunn brings you his final roundup of 2025, looking back at the best birds from around Britain, Ireland and the Western Palearctic. More here >
Written by:  (24 Dec 2025)
 
 
Solar-powered GPS tags show no detectable harm to Kentish Plovers   (Research)
Detailed behavioural, breeding and survival monitoring suggests tiny long-life trackers can be used safely on one of Europe's smallest shorebirds. More here >
Written by:  (24 Dec 2025)
 
 
Male pheasants pay a hidden price for their finest feathers   (Research)
The spectacular head feathers of male Golden and Lady Amherst's Pheasants significantly reduce what they can see, creating large blind spots that may leave them more vulnerable to predators. More here >
Written by:  (23 Dec 2025)
 
 
Season's Greetings from Rare Bird Alert   (News)
A seasonal message from Dick Filby and the team at Rare Bird Alert. More here >
Written by:  (23 Dec 2025)
 
 
Tracking reveals precise blueprint for Red-backed Shrike migration   (Research)
Researchers show that shrikes organise their 20,000-kilometre journeys into predictable stages, suggesting migration is governed by an inherited travel plan refined by environmental cues. More here >
Written by:  (23 Dec 2025)
 
 
Intertidal shellfish farming sustaining migratory shorebirds in China   (Research)
Large-scale research shows that intertidal mariculture along China's coast has become an essential food source for migratory shorebirds. More here >
Written by:  (23 Dec 2025)
 
 
When seabirds take flight, sharks follow   (Research)
New research reveals how seasonal seabird nesting reshapes the movements of top marine predators in one of the world’s most remote reef systems. More here >
Written by:  (23 Dec 2025)
 
 
Why some bird songs sound like water dripping   (Research)
New research reveals that the 'liquid' quality of certain bird songs is created by unusual vocal control that allows pressure to build before sound is released. More here >
Written by:  (23 Dec 2025)
 
 
Fourth White-tailed Eagle 'disappears' - RSPB Offers £10k reward   (Wildlife crime)
The newly revealed disappearance adds to three earlier cases involving satellite-tagged birds now under police investigation. More here >
Written by:  (23 Dec 2025)
 
 
Griffon Vulture numbers in Sardinia more than double since 2020   (Conservation News)
A record island-wide census reveals rapid population growth, rising breeding success, and the long-term impact of coordinated conservation work. More here >
Written by:  (23 Dec 2025)
 
 
Finders in the Field: Scops Owl, Killay, Glamorgan   (Finders account)
Whilst topping up her garden bird feeders, Jess Benyon came face to face with a very unexpected and rare visitor. More here >
Written by:  (19 Dec 2025)
 
 
Weekly birding round-up: 12 - 18 Dec   (Weekly Roundup)
Jon Dunn brings you his penultimate roundup of 2025 ahead of a well deserved Christmas and New Year break. More here >
Written by:  (19 Dec 2025)
 
 
Sandwich Terns have best breeding season for decades at Scottish reserve   (Conservation News)
More than 1,100 Sandwich Tern chicks fledged at Forvie National Nature Reserve on Scotland's east coast, this summer. More here >
Written by:  (18 Dec 2025)
 
 
First year of Wildcat reintroduction project hailed a success   (Conservation News)
NatureScot-backed research confirms that breeding and release has delivered high survival and early breeding success for Scotland's Wildcats. More here >
Written by:  (18 Dec 2025)
 
 
Rare butterfly has good year at well-managed sites   (Conservation News)
Marsh Fritillaries have shown encouraging increases at carefully managed sites this season, highlighting the value of habitat restoration and volunteer effort. More here >
Written by:  (18 Dec 2025)
 
 
Conservationists rescue oldest known wild Bearded Vulture   (Conservation News)
The oldest Bearded Vulture ever recorded in the wild was recently rescued in the French Alps by some of the same conservationists who released him 37 years ago. More here >
Written by:  (18 Dec 2025)
 
 
Satellite tags cut off as three White-tailed Eagles disappear   (Wildlife crime)
Police are investigating the disappearance of three White-tailed Eagles after two satellite tags were found cut off and one bird stopped transmitting. More here >
Written by:  (18 Dec 2025)
 
 
Great Indian Bustard numbers edge up as breeding programme shows early promise   (Conservation News)
Carefully managed captive breeding and habitat protection are beginning to slow the decline of one of the world's most threatened birds. More here >
Written by:  (18 Dec 2025)
 
 
Snowy Owl declared regionally extinct in Sweden   (News)
After centuries of irregular breeding tied to Arctic rodent cycles, the Snowy Owl has finally vanished from Sweden's mountain landscapes. More here >
Written by:  (18 Dec 2025)
 
 
Weekly birding round-up: 5 - 11 Dec   (Weekly Roundup)
Jon Dunn brings you his weekly birding roundup looking back at the best birds from around Britain, Ireland and the Western Palearctic. More here >
Written by:  (11 Dec 2025)
 
 
More than 5,000 Sociable Lapwings counted at key Turkmenistan stopover   (Conservation News)
Fresh counts from Talimarzhan Reservoir suggest a cautiously positive trend for the Critically Endangered Sociable Lapwing. More here >
Written by:  (11 Dec 2025)
 
 
BirdLife Warns New EU Proposals Threaten Decades of Environmental Protection   (Conservation News)
Europe's major conservation groups say the Commission's new Environmental Omnibus and Grids Package dismantle long-established safeguards for nature. More here >
Written by:  (11 Dec 2025)
 
 
New Report Shows Farmland Birds in Steady Decline Across Scotland   (Conservation News)
NatureScot and BTO data reveal all farmland bird groups have fallen over the past decade, even as woodland and many urban species show long-term gains. More here >
Written by:  (11 Dec 2025)
 
 
Man jailed after killing gull by repeated stamping in Blackpool   (Wildlife crime)
Six-week prison sentence handed down to Anthony Nurse after CCTV captured him repeatedly stamping on a gull in a deliberate attack. More here >
Written by:  (11 Dec 2025)
 
 
Ringing Data Reveal Britain's Oldest Honey-buzzard and a Record Year for Siskins   (News)
New figures from the BTO show 865,000 birds ringed in 2024, uncovering remarkable survival stories and a major influx of Siskins across the UK. More here >
Written by:  (11 Dec 2025)
 
 
Camera Traps Lead to the Discovery of a Striking New Jewel-babbler   (Research)
Surveys on a remote limestone ridge in Papua New Guinea’s Southern Fold Mountains have revealed a striking new species, the Hooded Jewel-babbler. More here >
Written by:  (11 Dec 2025)
 
 
Griffon Vulture dies from electrocution hours after release in Cyprus   (News)
The reintroduced bird was killed within hours of its release, highlighting the severe threat power infrastructure continues to pose to the island's struggling vulture population. More here >
Written by:  (11 Dec 2025)
 
 
Beavers and White Storks Set for Historic Return to East London   (Conservation News)
Major rewilding project will bring back two long-lost species to Eastbrookend Country Park, restoring wetlands and reconnecting local communities with nature. More here >
Written by:  (11 Dec 2025)
 
 
Weekly birding round-up: 28 Nov - 4 Dec   (Weekly Roundup)
Jon Dunn brings you his weekly birding roundup looking back at the best birds from around Britain, Ireland and the Western Palearctic. More here >
Written by:  (05 Dec 2025)
 
 
How coastal lights reshape the night flights of migrating birds   (Research)
New research reveals that even faint coastal lighting alters speed and height in birds arriving from the sea. More here >
Written by:  (05 Dec 2025)
 
 
62,000 Penguins Likely Starved in South Africa After 2004   (Research)
New analysis shows how collapsing sardine stocks after 2004 killed tens of thousands of adult African Penguins, creating a population crisis still unfolding today. More here >
Written by:  (05 Dec 2025)
 
 
Egg Size and Colour Repeatable Across Years in Common Terns   (Research)
New long-term research shows that egg colour, size and shape are largely individual trademarks - and shaped by age and laying order. More here >
Written by:  (04 Dec 2025)
 
 
Tracking Devices Alter Diving and Body Mass in European Shags   (Research)
New research reveals how biologging equipment affects behaviour, chick growth and adult condition in European Shags on the Norwegian coast. More here >
Written by:  (04 Dec 2025)
 
 
The Quiet Strength of a Territorial Eagle   (Research)
A 19-year photographic study charts how Bonelli's Eagles hold their ground and pass territories from one generation to the next. More here >
Written by:  (04 Dec 2025)
 
 
New Science Shows Even Modest Road Traffic Disrupts Key Icelandic Bird Habitats   (Research)
Scientists report significant drops in breeding bird density close to roads, despite relatively low traffic volumes. More here >
Written by:  (04 Dec 2025)
 
 
Grouse Moor Issues Highlighted as Cairngorms Peregrine Numbers Collapse   (Conservation News)
A new Survey shows Peregrine numbers down 56% since 2002, with habitat pressures and moorland management among key concerns. More here >
Written by:  (04 Dec 2025)
 
 
Goshawk Found Shot in Aberdeenshire - Police Issue Appeal for Information   (Wildlife crime)
Police Scotland has launched an appeal for information after a protected Goshawk was found shot in the Whiterashes area of Aberdeenshire. More here >
Written by:  (04 Dec 2025)
 
 
Weekly birding round-up: 21 - 27 Nov   (Weekly Roundup)
Jon Dunn brings you his weekly birding roundup looking back at the best birds from around Britain, Ireland and the Western Palearctic. More here >
Written by:  (28 Nov 2025)
 
 
Griffon Vulture Survival Remains Exceptionally High Four Decades After Reintroduction   (Research)
Long-term monitoring in the Grands Causses, in France, shows consistently strong survival rates despite growing populations and expanding human pressures. More here >
Written by:  (27 Nov 2025)
 
 
New Hawk-Cuckoo from Borneo Confirms Importance of Birdsong in Species Discovery   (Research)
Scientists describe Hierococcyx tiganada - a cloaked cuckoo hiding in plain sight - thanks to its unique three-syllabled song and subtle plumage differences. More here >
Written by:  (27 Nov 2025)
 
 
New Nature Reserve Secured at Worlingham Marshes After £775,000 Fundraising Success   (Conservation News)
Suffolk Wildlife Trust celebrates public support as 381-acre marshland becomes protected for future generations. More here >
Written by:  (27 Nov 2025)
 
 
Why Some Eider Ducklings End Up in the Wrong Brood   (Research)
Ten-year study shows how female condition, brain size and duckling quality drive brood mixing in Common Eiders. More here >
Written by:  (27 Nov 2025)
 
 
Scientists Confirm Rare Mourning Warbler x Yellowthroat Hybrid   (Research)
A newly published study has confirmed the identity of an unusual hybrid warbler captured in New York - a cross between a Mourning Warbler and a Common Yellowthroat. More here >
Written by:  (27 Nov 2025)
 
 
Man arrested after five Red Kites found poisoned in Essex   (Wildlife crime)
Essex police have said a man has been arrested after five red kites were found dead in a field in Orsett. More here >
Written by:  (27 Nov 2025)
 
 
Record Bird Numbers Mark a Decade of Transformation at Wallasea Island   (Conservation News)
Nearly 40,000 wintering birds now thrive on the RSPB's restored Jubilee Marsh - a landscape built from London's Elizabeth line excavations. More here >
Written by:  (27 Nov 2025)
 
 
The UK Is Naming Roads After Birds It's Losing   (News)
New analysis from the RSPB reveals an ironic trend of new housing developments using names of some of the UK's most threatened birds. More here >
Written by:  (27 Nov 2025)
 
 
Weekly birding round-up: 14 - 20 Nov   (Weekly Roundup)
Jon Dunn brings you his weekly birding roundup looking back at the best birds from around Britain, Ireland and the Western Palearctic. More here >
Written by:  (21 Nov 2025)
 
 
Birds Begin to Recover After French Neonicotinoid Ban   (Research)
Study finds modest gains in bird numbers four years after the EU's neonicotinoid ban - but full recovery may lie years ahead. More here >
Written by:  (20 Nov 2025)
 
 
Urban Birds Wait Longer Before Fleeing from People   (Research)
New research has shown how two familiar urban birds adjust their escape decisions and refuge choices in cities compared to rural landscapes. More here >
Written by:  (20 Nov 2025)
 
 
Wildflower Strips Prove a Winter Lifeline for Farmland Birds and Insects   (Research)
New Czech research shows that wildflower margins continue to support biodiversity through the cold months – even without special mowing regimes. More here >
Written by:  (20 Nov 2025)
 
 
Solar Meadows Offer New Life for Grassland Birds   (Research)
Restored vegetation beneath solar panels creates rich and stable avian communities across the US Midwest. More here >
Written by:  (20 Nov 2025)
 
 
Thrushes Sing Just as Strongly at Dusk as at Dawn   (Research)
New research shows Hermit Thrush and Swainson's Thrush are equally detectable at both ends of the day, offering greater flexibility for survey work. More here >
Written by:  (20 Nov 2025)
 
 
Dark and Light Black-capped Petrels Breed in Different Places and Months   (Research)
Satellite tracking reveals that dark and light forms breed in different mountains and on different schedules. More here >
Written by:  (20 Nov 2025)
 
 
Half of Pacific Flyway Shorebirds Are Declining   (Research)
First coordinated assessment from Canada to Peru reveals widespread losses among key nonbreeding species and flags urgent conservation priorities. More here >
Written by:  (20 Nov 2025)
 
 
Reed Warblers Signal Danger Levels Through Subtle Shifts in Their Alarm Calls   (Research)
New research shows Oriental Reed Warblers encode urgency using changes in pitch and duration, prompting stronger responses from nearby birds. More here >
Written by:  (20 Nov 2025)
 
 
Is the Government Hiding Where Raptors Are Being Poisoned?   (Wildlife crime)
Freedom of Information data reveal dozens of illegally poisoned birds of prey in key valleys between 2015-2023 and a lack of updated official mapping. More here >
Written by:  (20 Nov 2025)
 
 
Weekly birding round-up: 7 - 13 Nov   (Weekly Roundup)
Jon Dunn brings you his weekly birding roundup looking back at the best birds from around Britain, Ireland and the Western Palearctic. More here >
Written by:  (14 Nov 2025)
 
 
Barred Owl Expansion Threatening Far More Than Spotted Owls   (Research)
New DNA study reveals widespread predation on vulnerable wildlife across the Pacific Northwest. More here >
Written by:  (14 Nov 2025)
 
 
Experienced rarity-finder joins the British Birds Rarities Committee   (News)
The national adjudication panel strengthens its team with Richard Patient, known for finding and documenting some standout rarities. More here >
Written by:  (14 Nov 2025)
 
 
Decline Slowing, Hope Rising - New 10-Year Plan Charts Spoon-billed Sandpiper Recovery Path   (Conservation News)
A sharp slowdown in annual losses boosts hopes as conservation partners agree a global recovery strategy. More here >
Written by:  (14 Nov 2025)
 
 
Only 2% of Wildlife Crimes Resulted in Convictions in 2024   (Wildlife crime)
A new national analysis warns that weak enforcement against wildlife crime is enabling wider offending, with over 80% of perpetrators also linked to violent, acquisitive or drug-related crimes. More here >
Written by:  (13 Nov 2025)
 
 
Birdlife in Historic Parks Proves Surprisingly Resilient   (Research)
A 30-year comparison finds stable species richness, despite major changes in management. More here >
Written by:  (13 Nov 2025)
 
 
Parents Adjust Food Allocation, Not Foraging Strategy, in Storm-Petrels   (Research)
Analysis of more than 9,000 species shows that the birds humans find most visually appealing are also the most likely to appear in domestic and international markets. More here >
Written by:  (13 Nov 2025)
 
 
New Global Analysis Reveals Why Some Birds Enter Trade and Others Don't   (Research)
Analysis of more than 9,000 species shows that the birds humans find most visually appealing are also the most likely to appear in domestic and international markets. More here >
Written by:  (13 Nov 2025)
 
 
Huge fall in Gyr Falcon population in Iceland   (News)
Gyr Falcons feeding on infected carcasses are dying in growing numbers, according to researchers monitoring breeding territories across the island. More here >
Written by:  (13 Nov 2025)
 
 
Migrants Losing Fuel for the Journey South   (Research)
New BTO research reveals that long-distance migrants like Swallows and Willow Warblers are struggling to build vital fuel reserves before their epic journeys to Africa. More here >
Written by:  (13 Nov 2025)
 
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